Perceived stress of science and technology professionals in Zhejiang Province and its influencing factors / 预防医学

Objective To understand the perceived stress of science and technology professionals (STPs) and its influencing factors and to provide reference for targeted mental health promotion. Methods Totally 1 730 STPs in Zhejiang Province were recuited by typical sampling method and assessed with Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) . Chi-squared automatic interaction detector (CHAID) with decision tree analysis was conducted to clarify the factors which influenced the scores of each dimension on PSQ. Results Totally 1 730 questionnaires were issued and 1 552 were valid (88.55%) . The perceived stress of male STPs was higher than that of female STPs (P＜0.05) . CHAID with decision tree analysis indicated that age was the primary factor for the perceived stress of housing (F=52.306, P＜0.001) , workload (F=17.814, P＜0.001) , career development (F=57.028, P＜0.001), household income (F=68.573, P＜0.001) and other personal problems (F=13.936, P=0.001) ;gender was the primary factor for the perceived stress of social understanding (F=9.321, P=0.002) and social environment (F=10.738, P=0.001) ; occupation was the primary factor for the perceived stress of supporting parents and children (F=19.810, P＜0.001) ; education background was the primary factor for the perceived stress of on the scores of interpersonal relationship (F=13.936, P=0.001) . Conclusion Age, gender, occupation, and education background are the influencing factors for perceived stress of STPs in Zhejiang Province.

A study on the reliability and validity of the Chinese revised version of Barratt Impulsiveness Scale in Chinese college student with a web-based survey / 预防医学

Objective TheaimofthestudywastoexaminethepsychometricpropertiesoftheChineserevisedversionof BarrattImpulsivenessScale11th(BIS-11)inChinesecollegestudentwithaweb-basedsurvey.Methods Atotalof 2 295 college students were enrolled in the survey,and were divided into two groups.The first group was used for item and factoranalysis,andthesecondgroupwasusedforconfirmatoryfactorsanalysis.Results ItemanalysisindicatedthatBIS-11 had satisfactory item discrimination,except the item 29.Three -factor model of BIS -11 was well documented with exploratory factor analysis (explained 45.526%of total variance)and confirmatory factor analysis (GFI,AGFI,TLI,CFI, RMSEA was 0.872,0.851,0.853,0.864,0.064,respectively).The internal consistency of the total scale and the three subscales using coefficient alpha was in the range of 0.833-0.913.The split-half reliability of the total scale and the three subscales using Spearman-Brown Coefficient was in the range of 0.827-0.907.Furthermore,the female college students in the present study had higher scores on the total scale,cognitive (attention)impulsiveness factor,and motor impulsiveness factor than the male college student (P <0.01 ).The individuals with GHQ -12 (the twelve -item General Health Questionnaire)screen-positive had higher scores on the total scale and the three factors than the subjects with GHQ-12 screen-negative(P<0.01).Conclusion TheresultsofpresentstudysuggestedthattheChineserevisedversionofthe Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 1 1 th could be used as a tool of impulsiveness assessment in web-based survey.

A meta -analysis on the mental health status among Chinese officials / 预防医学

Objective To analyze the mental health status among Chinese officials for providing the evidence for mental health promotion.Methods Meta -analysis was used.The data were extracted from 1 995 to 201 2 published papers on the mental health of Chinese officials.And the results was compared with the norm established in 2006.Results The scores of SCL -90 scale among the police officials were significantly higher than that of the norm(P <0.05)and the effect fell in the middle effect scope of Cohen(0.2 <d <0.8),while there was no significant difference between the non -police group and the norm on the score (P >0.05 ).Conclusion The meta -analysis demonstrates that the mental health of Chinese officials is not optimistic.More attention should be paid to promote the officials'mental health.

A study on the relationship between mental health status and medication adherence in tuberculosis patients / 预防医学

Objective To evaluate the prevalence of depression,anxiety and suicide behavior in patients suffering from tuberculosis in Hangzhou and to explore their relationship with medication adherence. Methods Demographic characteristics,self-rating anxiety scale (SAS),the center for epidemiological studies -depression (CESD),social support rating scale (SSRS),suicide behavior information and the morisky medication adherence scale (MMAS)were investigated in 973 tuberculosis patients who were selected by systematic random sampling.Results The means of SAS and CESD were 39.71 ±8.30 and 14.16 ±10.77 respectively,which were both higher than the norms(P<0.01).Totally 102 (10.48%)patients had anxiety and 333 (34.22%)were depressed.Out of 973 patients,60 (6.17%)reported suicide ideation after tuberculosis diagnosis.The prevalence of non -adherence was 20.55%,which was defined with MMAS score above one and more.The non -adherence group had higher anxiety,depression and suicide ideation prevalence than the adherence group (15.50%vs.9.18%,46.50%vs.30.66%,11.00%vs.4.92%respectively,P<0.01).The mean score of SSRS,subjective support,objective support and utilization of support in the non-adherence group were 30.71 ±5.15,4.61 ±2.07,19.74 ±4.55 and 6.34 ±1.93 respectively,which were 34.06 ±7.39,6.62 ± 2.27,20.67 ±5.27 and 6.77 ±2.23 in the adherence group respectively.SSRS and its three dimension scores were significantly lower in the non-adherence group than that in the adherence group (P<0.01).Conclusion These findings show a quite serious situation of psychological problems of tuberculosis patients in Hangzhou and suggest psychological intervention should be included in adherence intervention.

Differences of wound contraction and apoptosis in full-thickness burn wounds repaired with different artificial dermal stent in pigs / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the roles and differences of angiogenesis of different dermal scaffolds on wound contraction and apoptosis during full-thickness burn wound repair.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Wounds were observed at different time after the collagen-sulfonated carboxymethyl chitosan porous scaffold or collagen-chitosan porous scaffold or acellular dermal matrix were respectively transplanted on wounds of full thickness burn with debridement in Bama miniature pigs. At the same time, vessels and myo-fibroblasts expressing α-smooth muscle action(α-SMA) and apoptosis in wounds of different time were detected in situ by immunohistochemical staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling. The burn wounds without any scaffold transplantation were studied as the control.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Wounds with different scaffolds transplantation were different from granulation wounds. Vessels expressing α-SMA had been increasing continuously in the wounds from 1 to 3 weeks after different scaffolds transplantation and decreased in wounds after epidermis had been grafted for 2 weeks on surface of the scaffolds transplanted on wounds for 2 weeks. Vessels expressing α-SMA were the most in the wounds with collagen-sulfonated carboxymethyl chitosan porous scaffold transplantation and the least in the control wounds without dermal scaffold at different time. Myo-fibroblasts expressing α-SMA was the least in the wounds with collagen-sulfonated carboxymethyl chitosan porous scaffold transplantation and the peak of expressions was on the 2nd week, however, the peak in the wounds with the other two scaffolds transplantation and in the control wound without dermal scaffold was on the 3rd week. Myo-fibroblasts expressing α-SMA was the most in the control wounds. Apoptosis had been increasing continuously in the transplantation wounds from 2 to 4 weeks after different scaffolds transplantation, however, apoptosis had begun to increase continuously from 3 to 4 weeks in the control wounds. Apoptosis was the most in the wounds with collagen-sulfonated carboxymethyl chitosan porous scaffold transplantation and the least in the control wounds without dermal scaffold from 3 to 4 weeks.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Sulfonated carboxymethyl chitosan can promote migration of reparative cells and angiogenesis, and it can repair full-thickness burn wound fast and well.</p>

Comparative study on repair of full-thickness burn wound with different artificial dermal stent in pigs / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare differences of angiogenesis among collagen- chitosan, collagen-sulfonated carboxymethyl chitosan porous scaffolds and acellular dermal matrix after these three different scaffolds with silicone membrane were transplanted on the wounds of full thickness burn, and the wound repair of different scaffolds with epidermis grafting on.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Angiogenesis in different dermal scaffolds, the wound surface and epidermis survival were observed in 1, 2, and 3 weeks after the three different scaffolds were respectively transplanted on wounds of full thickness burn with debridement in 6 Bama miniature pigs (total 18 pigs in 3 groups). At the same time, CD34 positive signals (neo-forming microvessels) were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The wounds without any scaffold transplantation were studied as the control.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Angiogenesis had been fundamentally finished in 2 weeks after implantation of collagen- sulfonated carboxymethyl chitosan porous scaffold. And fundamental angiogenesis in collagen- chitosan porous scaffolds and acellular dermal matrix needed at least 3 weeks. Neo-forming micro-vessels perpendicular to wound beds with these three different scaffolds were more than those in the control wounds without scaffold. CD34 positive signals (neo-forming micro-vessels) were significantly higher in wounds at the second week than those in wounds at the first week. And those in wounds at the third week were significantly higher than those in wounds at the second week in all wounds with different scaffold transplantations and the control wounds. CD34 positive signals in the group of sulfonated carboxymethyl chitosan porous scaffold on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd week after the scaffold transplantation were significantly higher than those corresponding signals in the other three groups. Epidermis on the sulfonated carboxymethyl chitosan porous scaffold which had been transplanted on burn wound for 1 week could survive perfectly, however, epidermis on the collagen- chitosan porous scaffold or acellular dermal matrix could not survive until these two scaffolds had been transplanted on the burn wounds for at least 2 weeks.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>These three different scaffolds could repair the full thickness skin defects caused by burn, and angiogenesis of sulfonated carboxymethyl chitosan porous scaffold is the best.</p>

N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide copolymer-anticancer drugs: Research advances / 国际药学研究杂志

The conjugates of polymer with anticancer drug, due to their enhanced permeability and retention effect can accumulate in solid tumors at a much higher concentration than n normal tissues or organs, which results n higher targeting distribution and lower systemic toxicity. As a macromolecule carrier, N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer has many advantages, such as biocompatibility and nonimmunogenicity, so HPMA copolymer-anticancer conjugates has become the focus of large-weight-molecule targeted therapies. Now six HPMA copolymer-anticancer drugs have been evaluated clinically, and many other conjugates are in the stage of preclinical tests. In this paper, research advances in HPMA copolymer-anticancer conjugates are reviewed.

Synthesis and evaluation of conjugates of gemcitabine and polyglutamic acid with amino acids as linkers / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective: To design and synthesize conjugates of polyglutamic acid and gemcitabine with different amino acids as linkers, and through changing the structure to control the release of free drug and improve antitumor activity. Methods: First, the amino acid esters formed with 3′-OH or 5′-OH of gemcitabine were synthesized, and then the free amino groups of amino acid esters were conjugated with the carboxyl groups in polyglutamic acid to obtain the object conjugate of polyglutamic acid and gemcitabine with different amino acids as linkers. The content of gemcitabine in the conjugates was determined by UV. The release rate of free drug from the conjugates was determined by HPLC. Results and Conclusion: 11 novel conjugates were synthesized with gemcitabine content of 25%-30%. In vitro drug release experiment results revealed that gemcitabine could be released from the conjugates steadily. Conjugates with different amino acids as linkers exhibited different drug release rate. PG-Ala-3′-Gem can release 50% of gemcitabine in 4 h, but PG-Val-3′-Gem and PG-Ala-5′-Gem only can release 30.3% or 43.5% of gemcitabine in 48 h,respectively. The drug release rate in blood is faster than that in water solution.

Mechanisms and effects of biosynthesis and apoptosis in repair of full-thickness skin defect with collagen-chitosan dermal stent / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate biosynthetic and apoptotic mechanisms in repair of full thickness skin defect with collagen-chitosan porous scaffold transplantation, and to determinate differences between wound repair with the scaffold transplantation and scar healing without the scaffold transplantation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The full thickness skin defects were made on 10 Bama miniature pigs and the bilayer dermal equivalent (BDE) composed of collagen-chitosan porous scaffold and silicone membrane was transplanted on wounds. Surfaces of wounds were observed at 1, 2, and 3 weeks after the BDE transplantation, and so were done the wound repairs after epidermis had been grafted for 2 weeks on surface of the scaffold which had been transplanted on skin defect wounds for 2 weeks. At the same time, TGF-beta1 expressions, apoptosis and self collagen replacement of scaffolds in wounds were detected in situ by immunohistochemical staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) and picrosirius red polarized light. Wounds without scaffold transplantation were studied as control.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1) Wounds with the scaffold transplantation were different from granulation tissue. 2) The peak of TGF-beta1 expression in the scaffold wounds was from 1 to 2 weeks after BDE transplantation, and TGF-beta1 expressions decreased continuously from 3 to 4 weeks. TGF-beta1 expressions increased continuously in the control wounds from 1 to 3 weeks and decreased on 4 weeks. TGF-beta1 expressions in the scaffold wounds on 1st and 2nd week were significantly higher than those in the corresponding control wounds, whereas, TGF-beta1 expressions in the scaffold wounds on 3rd and 4th week were significantly lower than those in the corresponding control wounds. 3) Apoptosis increased continuously in the scaffold wounds from 2 to 4 weeks after BDE transplantation, and so did in the control wounds from 3 to 4 weeks. However, apoptosis signals in the scaffold wounds on 2nd, 3rd, and 4th week after BDE transplantation were significantly more than those in the corresponding control wounds, and there was no difference between apoptosis signals in the scaffold wounds on 1st week after BDE transplantation and those in the corresponding control wounds. 4) Observation by picrosirius red polarized light method: self collagen began to synthesize in the scaffold wounds on 1st week after BDE transplantation, and scaffolds had been replaced by self collagen from 2 to 3 weeks after BDE transplantation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Collagen-chitosan porous scaffold plays a very important role in wound healing of full thickness skin defect. The mechanisms of wound repair by dermal scaffold are different from those by granulation and scar healing. It has a good future in repairing skin defect.</p>

Prevalence and predictors of acute stress disorder after earthquake: findings from Wenchuan earthquake in China / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prevalence and predictors of acute stress disorder (ASD) in the victims affected by Wenchuan earthquake in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A random clustered sampling method was used. Of 891 victims enrolled in the study, 874 were completely assessed with the ASD constructive questionnaire and diagnosed with DSM-IV criteria. Sociodemographic variables were obtained. Also, the major symptoms of ASD (i.e., general symptoms to a traumatic event; dissociative symptoms; re-experiencing symptoms; hyper-arousal symptoms; avoidance symptoms) were recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The incidence rate of ASD was 12.59% (110/874). The incidence rates of ASD for female and male were 15.16% (72/475) and 9.52% (38/399) respectively. There was a significant difference between female and male on the incidence rate of ASD (chi(2) = 6.26, P = 0.01). Logistic regression indicated that the ASD diagnosis was predicted by gender (beta = 0.58, P = 0.01, OR = 1.79), the condition of casualties of family members (beta = 0.60, P = 0.01, OR = 1.82), and the condition of sharp properties loss (beta = 1.02, P = 0.01, OR = 2.76).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The major earthquake should have great influence on mental health of victims. The efforts to reduce casualties and property loss might help to prevent ASD. Further research is needed on gender difference among traumatic events.</p>